涤纶短纤维切断刀失效原因分析及对策

重点分析聚酯涤纶短纤维切断刀在使用过程中的主要失效表现形式以及正常生产时切断刀的受力情况,并以此为依据制定相应的解决对策。     

On the tuning of predictive controllers: Impact of disturbances,constraints, and feedback structure

The impact of problem formulation modifications on predictive controller tuning is investigated. First, the proposed tuning method is shown to adapt to disturbance characteristic changes and thus, takes full economic advantage of the scenario. The second topic concerns point‐wise‐in‐time constraints and the impact of constraint infeasibility. Specifically, we shift the tuning question from selection of nonintuitive weighting matrix parameters to that of a few key parameters and results in a rather intuitive trade‐off between expected profit and expected constraint violations. Finally, we show that simple modifications will allow for the consideration of various feedback structures, including computational delay and partial state information. The overall conclusions of the work are that the results of the automated algorithm will help build an intuitive understating of the dynamics of the process and ultimately result in a higher level trade‐off between profit and constraint observance. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3473–3489, 2014     

Optimal maintenance scheduling of a gas engine power plant using generalized disjunctive programming

A new continuous‐time model for long‐term scheduling of a gas engine power plant with parallel units is presented. Gas engines are shut down according to a regular maintenance plan that limits the number of hours spent online. To minimize salary expenditure with skilled labor, a single maintenance team is considered which is unavailable during certain periods of time. Other challenging constraints involve constant minimum and variable maximum power demands. The objective is to maximize the revenue from electricity sales assuming seasonal variations in electricity pricing by reducing idle times and shutdowns in high‐tariff periods. By first developing a generalized disjunctive programming model and then applying both big‐M and hull reformulation techniques, we reduce the burden of finding the appropriate set of mixed‐integer linear constraints. Through the solution of a real‐life problem, we show that the proposed formulations are very efficient computationally, while gaining valuable insights about the system. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2083–2097, 2014     

JO-90I传爆药组分分析工艺条件优化

为了解决原有碱性条件下水解方法对JO-9C工传爆药进行组分分析所需要的时间长、效率低的问题,采用化学分析的方法,以JO-9CI传爆药在碱性条件下发生水解反应原理为基础,研究不同碱质量分数对水解情况的影响和不同碱质量分数和水解时间的内在关联,得到碱性条件下分析JO-9C工传爆药组分的最佳实验条件。结果表明,JO-9C工传爆药在碱性条件下进行组分分析的最佳工艺条件为：在碱质量分数为10．5％的恒温水浴锅（沸水浴）中进行水解,水解时间为2．5h;在碱质量分数为6．5％～10．5％时,水解时间与碱质量分数成线性关系。     

Pb~(2+)在掺硼金刚石膜电极上的电化学行为

为了充分发挥掺硼金刚石膜(BDD)电极在分析检测工业废水中重金属离子的优势,利用BDD电极作为工作电极,采用线性扫描阳极溶出伏安法测定水溶液中的铅离子,考察了硝酸、硫酸、高氯酸、盐酸4种酸体系对铅离子分析测试的影响。结果发现,在实验室条件下检测铅离子最优的支持电解质体系是硫酸,并且与其他3种酸(硝酸、盐酸、高氯酸)相比,硫酸更加稳定,不具挥发性。     

超高速线光斑激光熔覆不锈钢涂层显微结构及性能研究

目的 设计超高速线光斑激光熔覆送粉喷嘴,在极高的熔覆效率和极低的搭接率下制备不锈钢熔覆涂层,对比研究圆光斑及线光斑下的熔覆涂层的微观组织结构及性能。方法 基于送粉喷嘴流场及粉末粒子运动轨迹的模拟研究,设计超高速线光斑激光熔覆专用送粉喷嘴。在此基础上,以27SiMn为基体,采用1 mm´ 10 mm线光斑,在10%搭接率、熔覆效率4.5 m²/h下,采用超高速线光斑激光熔覆FeCr合金薄涂层;作为对比,采用超高速圆形光斑(2 mm)激光在0.2 m²/h熔覆效率下熔覆FeCr合金涂层。采用SEM、XRD对比分析线光斑/圆光斑涂层微观组织结构与涂层显微硬度。结果 通收束角度为25°~27°的单流道送粉喷嘴可得到分布均匀、飞行速度适中的粉末束流。对比研究超高速线光斑及圆光斑激光熔覆涂层可知,相同扫描速度下2种光斑制备的涂层均较为致密,无裂纹与气孔,由熔覆层底部到熔覆层表面均呈现出平面晶—柱状晶—等轴晶的变化趋势,线光斑和圆光斑涂层硬度在700~800HV,线光斑下的熔覆层硬度分布更加均匀,表面粗糙度Ra可低至<4 μm,搭接率可低至10%,熔覆效率可达 4.5 m²/h,远高于圆光斑激光下的熔覆效率。结论 2种光斑模式下的涂层微观组织、相组成及硬度相当,但超高速线光斑激光熔覆层表面光洁度更高,表面粗糙度更低,熔覆效率可达圆光斑的20倍。     

化学镀钯拖缸现象的电化学研究

目的 用电化学的方法探究化学镀钯出现拖缸现象的原因 方法 通过开路电位方法探测化学镀钯的引发过程,利用线性扫描伏安法测量极化曲线。在测量阳极极化曲线时不加入钯盐;在测量阴极极化曲线时,不加入次亚磷酸钠。分别求得次亚磷酸钠的起始氧化的电位(EO)、钯离子的起始还原电位(ER)随温度变化的关系曲线,以及甘氨酸浓度对EO和ER的影响,并且采用化学镀实验,研究钯层厚度变化与甘氨酸浓度的关系。结果 发现第1次使用和多次使用的化学镀钯液对引发钯沉积的快慢存在差异,即存在拖缸现象。在镀钯过程中,温度越高,镀液活性越强,越不容易出现拖缸现象,同时稳定性也会下降。在电化学实验中发现,EO随着温度的升高而负移,ER随着温度的升高而正移,二者的差值|ΔE|总体上随着温度的升高而减小。ΔE可以反映镀液的稳定性和衡量化学镀钯引发的难易程度。ΔE<0意味着镀液稳定,化学镀钯需要在催化剂表面引发。当|ΔE|≤0.73 V时,化学镀钯可以正常引发。当|ΔE| >0.73 V时,引发过程存在拖缸现象。甘氨酸的浓度可以影响ΔE。当甘氨酸的质量浓度接近10 g/L时,拖缸现象不明显,无甘氨酸或者其质量浓度大于20 g/L时,容易出现拖缸现象。结论 ΔE的值与化学镀钯液的稳定性和拖缸现象是否发生有关。     

主动配流式电磁直驱静液作动器流量特性分析

为减小电静液伺服系统的流量脉动,提出一种基于主动单向阀与电磁直线执行器的主动配流式电磁直驱静液作动器。建立电磁直线驱动单元和主动单向阀的动力学模型,研究该系统流量脉动和流量大小的特点,分析主动单向阀阀芯结构参数和运动参数对作动系统动态特性的影响。结果表明：减小阀座直径、降低阀芯行程会减小液压缸的最大输入流量;柱塞开始单向行程及到达死点位置的时刻与阀芯运动启闭同步时,系统内不会出现回流并显著减小了流量脉冲现象;与被动配流式电磁直驱静液作动系统相比,主动配流式作动系统能够明显提升系统净流量,抑制系统流量脉动。     

Structural and Interfacial Properties of Hyperbranched-Linear Polymer Surfactant

With oleic acid grafting modification, a series of hyperbranched-linear polymer surfactants (HLPS) were prepared by hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP), which was gained through a step synthesis method using trimethylolpropane and AB₂ monomer. The AB₂ monomers were obtained through the Michael addition reaction of methyl acrylate and diethanol amine. The structures of HLPS were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which indicated that HBP was successfully modified by oleic acid. Furthermore, the properties of surface tension and critical micelle concentration of HLPS solution showed that HLPS can significantly reduce the surface tension of water. The morphology of the HLPS solution was characterised by dynamic light scattering, which revealed that HLPS exhibited a nonmonotonic appearance in particle size at different scattering angles owing to the different replaced linear portions. The relationships of the surface pressure to monolayer area and time were measured using the Langmuir–Blodgett instrument, which showed that the surface tension of monolayer molecules increased with the increasing of hydrophobic groups. In addition, the interface conditions of different replaced HLPS solutions were simulated.